Dr. Naila CH

  CAESARIAN SECTION                                                 "   YET ANOTHER WAY TO GET OUT!!   Why Called so?? According to legend , julius caesar was born by this operation   It was a fatal operation until beginning of 20th century . Now the most common operation performed worldwide     DEFINITION: The delivery of a viable fetus through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus.   Definition does not include removal of fetus from abdominal cavity in case of rupture uterus .   WHO recommends an ideal caesarean rate 15 20 % . But in most countries it is 15-20 %   WHY RATES INCREASED ? × Increase in repeat caesareans .   × Difficult instrumental delivery and vagina...

  Amenorrhoea Amenorrhea (uh-men-o-REE-uh) is the absence of menstruation, often defined as missing one or more menstrual periods. Types of Amenorrhoea? • Primary amenorrhoea is when girls fail to menstruate by 16 years of age. • Secondary amenorrhoea is absence of menstruation for more than 6 months in a normal female of reproductive age that is not due to pregnancy, lactation or the menopause. Who is at risk for amenorrhea? ·         Risk factors for amenorrhea include: ·         Family history of amenorrhea or early menopause. ·         Genetic or chromosomal condition that affects your menstrual cycle. ·         Obesity or being underweight. ·         Eating disorder. ·         Over-exercising. ·         Poor ...

  Monkeypox Virus “A rash that can look like pimples or blisters that appears on the face, inside the mouth, and on other parts of the body, like the hands, feet, chest, genitals, or anus”. Monkeypox virus is spreading all across the world wide?   It has been reported from several countries including United States, United Kingdom, Canada and many more. Most of the cases are from United Kingdom and Portugal. Why it is known as monkeypox? Monkeypox virus was first identified in 1958 from “ Lab Monkeys in Denmark” from them it is called as a monkey box. The first case of human was discovered in Congo in 1970 . And from them, there are many other cases which are reported worldwide. Structure of monkeypox? This virus is an envelope double-stranded DNA virus. It belongs to the family of pox verify, that means it’s a close cousin of chickenpox and smallpox virus.   Transmission of monkey pox? Now let’s see how this virus can be transmitted. It can be tra...

  Heavy Menstural Bleeding (HMB) HMB ‘menorrhagia’ is defined as a blood loss of greater than  80 ml  per period. In reality, methods to quantify menstrual blood loss are both inaccurate (poor correlation with haemoglobin level) and impractical, and so a clinical diagnosis based on the patient’s own perception of blood loss is preferred. The women of reproductive age,  20–30%  more suffer from HMB.   Aetiology of HBM The aetiology of HBM may be hormonal or structural, with common causes listed below: •         Fibroids: 30% of HMB is associated with fibroids. •         Adenomyosis: 70% of women will have AUB/HMB. •         Endometrial polyps. •         Coagulation disorders (e.g. von Willebrand disease). •         Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). •      ...